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The primary function of a stair tread is to provide a safe walking surface. Treads are the horizontal components of the stairs that are stepped on, and they are designed to support the weight of individuals as they ascend or descend the stairs. An important aspect of treads is their design and materials, which often include features that improve safety, such as anti-slip surfaces or textures that enhance grip.

While the other options touch on related elements of stair design and safety, they don't capture the primary purpose of the tread itself. For instance, while tread can influence grip, that specific function is often complemented by additional design features like nosing or anti-slip treatments. Supporting the railing is a function of the structure surrounding the stairs, such as stringers or posts, and decorative elements pertain to aesthetics rather than the fundamental role of a tread in ensuring safe navigation of stairs.